How to get the last n characters of a PHP string?

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Write a PHP program to get last n characters of a given string.

Examples:

Input : $str = "zambiatek!"
        $n = 6 
Output : Geeks!

Input : $str = "zambiatek!"
        $n = 9
Output : forGeeks!

Method 1: Tn this method, traverse the last N characters of the string and keep appending them in a new string.

Example:

<?php 
  
$str = "zambiatek!"; 
$n = 6; 
  
// Starting index of the string 
// where the new string begins 
$start = strlen($str) - $n; 
  
// New string 
$str1 = ''; 
  
for ($x = $start; $x < strlen($str); $x++) { 
      
    // Appending characters to the new string 
    $str1 .= $str[$x]; 
} 
  
// Print new string 
echo $str1; 
?> 

Output:

Geeks!

Method 2: Another way to do this use inbuilt library function substr with parameters as the name of the string.

Example:

<?php 
  
$str = "zambiatek!"; 
$n = 6; 
  
$start = strlen($str) - $n; 
  
// substr returns the new string. 
$str1 = substr($str, $start); 
  
echo $str1; 
?> 