Responsive analog clock using HTML, CSS and Vanilla JavaScript

Namachila 6 days ago

0 0 3 minutes read

In this article, we are going to create an Analog Clock. This is mainly based on HTML, CSS & Vanilla JavaScript.

Approach:

Create an HTML file in which we are going to add the main div, further on we are adding 4 div tags for an hour, minute, and second hands & for the pin.
Create a CSS file for styling our web page and for assigning different lengths to the different hands.
Create a JavaScript file for creating a brief logic for the rotation of different clock hands.

The logic for rotation of clock hands:

1. Hour Hand

For Achieving 12hrs,
hour hand moves 360deg.

i.e.  12hrs   ⇢   360degs

so,    1hr    ⇢   30degs

and, 60mins   ⇢   30degs
    
so,    1min   ⇢   0.5degs
    
Total Rotation of hour hand:
    (30deg * hrs) + (0.5deg * mins)

2. Minute Hand

For Achieving 60mins,
hour hand moves 360deg.

i.e.  60mins   ⇢   360degs

so,    1min    ⇢   6degs
    
Total Rotation of minute hand:
        6deg * mins

3. Second Hand

For Achieving 60secs,
hour hand moves 360deg.

i.e.  60secs   ⇢   360degs

so,    1sec    ⇢   6degs
    
Total Rotation of minute hand:
        6deg * secs

Example:

Code Explanation:

First, create an HTML file (index.html).
Now after the creation of our HTML file, we are going to give a title to our webpage using <title> tag. It should be placed inside the <head> section.
Then we link the CSS file that provides all the styles to our HTML. This is also placed in between the <head> tag.
Coming to the body section of our HTML code.
- Firstly, create a main div as a clock.
- In that div add 4divs for an hour, minute, and second hands & for the pin.
- At the end of our body add <script> tag which links the JS file with our HTML file.
The setInterval() function is used for the execution of a function for a specific period of time. For more details click here.
The Date() function is used for returning today’s date, and current time(hours, minutes, seconds).

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html lang="en"> 
    
<head> 
    <title>Analog Clock</title> 
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"> 
</head> 
    
<body> 
    <div class="clock"> 
        <div class="hr"></div> 
        <div class="min"></div> 
        <div class="sec"></div> 
        <div class="pin"></div> 
    </div> 
  
    <script src="index.js"></script> 
</body> 
    
</html>

CSS

/* Restoring browser effects */
* { 
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0; 
    box-sizing: border-box; 
    ; 
} 
  
/* All of the same styling to the body */
body { 
    height: 100vh; 
    display: flex; 
    justify-content: center; 
    align-items: center; 
    background-color: #000; 
    background-image: linear-gradient( 
            70deg, black, white); 
} 
  
/* Sizing, positioning of main  
    dial of the clock */
.clock { 
    width: 40vw; 
    height: 40vw; 
    background-image: linear-gradient( 
                70deg, black, white); 
    background-size: cover; 
    box-shadow: 0 3em 5.8em; 
    border-radius: 50%; 
    position: relative; 
} 
  
.hr, 
.min, 
.sec { 
    width: 1%; 
    position: absolute; 
    top: 50%; 
    left: 50%; 
    transform: translate(-50%, -100%); 
    transform-origin: bottom; 
    z-index: 2; 
    border-radius: 2em; 
} 
  
.pin { 
    position: absolute; 
    top: 0; 
    left: 0; 
    right: 0; 
    bottom: 0; 
    width: 1em; 
    height: 1em; 
    background: rgb(38, 0, 255); 
    border: 2px solid #ffffff; 
    border-radius: 10em; 
    margin: auto; 
    z-index: 10; 
} 
  
/* Different length of different hands of clock */
.hr { 
    height: 25%; 
    background-color: #ff0000; 
} 
  
.min { 
    height: 30%; 
    background-color: #ff9900; 
} 
  
.sec { 
    height: 40%; 
    background-color: #99ff00; 
    transform-origin: 50% 85%; 
} 

Javascript

// Selecting all of the css classes on which 
// we want to apply functionalities 
const hr = document.querySelector('.hr') 
const min = document.querySelector('.min') 
const sec = document.querySelector('.sec') 
  
// Setting up the period of working 
setInterval(() => { 
  
    // Extracting the current time  
    // from DATE() function 
    let day = new Date() 
    let hour = day.getHours() 
    let minutes = day.getMinutes() 
    let seconds = day.getSeconds() 
  
    // Formula that is explained above for  
    // the rotation of different hands 
    let hrrotation = (30 * hour) + (0.5 * minutes); 
    let minrotation = 6 * minutes; 
    let secrotation = 6 * seconds; 
  
    hr.style.transform = 
        `translate(-50%,-100%) rotate(${hrrotation}deg)` 
    min.style.transform = 
        `translate(-50%,-100%) rotate(${minrotation}deg)` 
    sec.style.transform = 
        `translate(-50%,-85%) rotate(${secrotation}deg)` 
});