Find the nearest odd and even perfect squares of odd and even array elements respectively

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Given an array arr[ ] of size N, the task for each array element is to print the nearest perfect square having same parity.

Examples:

Input: arr[ ] = {6, 3, 2, 15}
Output: 4 1 4 9
Explanation:
The nearest even perfect square of arr[0] (= 6) is 4.
The nearest odd perfect square of arr[1] (= 3) is 1.
The nearest even perfect square of arr[2] (= 2) is 4
The nearest odd perfect square of arr[3] (= 15) is 9.

Input: arr[ ] = {31, 18, 64}
Output: 25 16 64

Approach: Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

Traverse the array and perform the following operations:
- Find the square root of the current array element and store it in a variable, say sr.
- If sr is of same parity as arr[i], then sr*sr is the nearest perfect square.
- Otherwise, (sr + 1)² is the nearest perfect square.
- Print the nearest perfect square obtained in the above step.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to implement
// the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to find the nearest even and odd
// perfect squares for even and odd array elements
void nearestPerfectSquare(int arr[], int N)
{
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Calculate square root of
        // current array element
        int sr = sqrt(arr[i]);
 
        // If both are of same parity
        if ((sr & 1) == (arr[i] & 1))
            cout << sr * sr << " ";
 
      // Otherwise
        else {
            sr++;
            cout << sr * sr << " ";
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 6, 3, 2, 15 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to implement
// the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
 
// Function to find the nearest even and odd
// perfect squares for even and odd array elements
static void nearestPerfectSquare(int arr[], int N)
{
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Calculate square root of
        // current array element
        int sr = (int)Math.sqrt(arr[i]);
 
        // If both are of same parity
        if ((sr & 1) == (arr[i] & 1))
            System.out.print((sr * sr) + " ");
 
      // Otherwise
        else {
            sr++;
            System.out.print((sr * sr) + " ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int arr[] = { 6, 3, 2, 15 };
    int N = arr.length;
    nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by souravghosh0416.

Python3

# Python3 program for the above approach
import math
 
# Function to find the nearest even and odd
# perfect squares for even and odd array elements
def nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N) :
 
    # Traverse the array
    for i in range(N):
 
        # Calculate square root of
        # current array element
        sr = int(math.sqrt(arr[i]))
 
        # If both are of same parity
        if ((sr & 1) == (arr[i] & 1)) :
            print(sr * sr, end = " ")
 
      # Otherwise
        else :
            sr += 1
            print(sr * sr, end = " ")
         
# Driver Code
arr = [ 6, 3, 2, 15 ]
N = len(arr)
nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N)
 
# This code is contributed by sanjoy_62.

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
 
class GFG{
 
  // Function to find the nearest even and odd
  // perfect squares for even and odd array elements
  static void nearestPerfectSquare(int[] arr, int N)
  {
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
      // Calculate square root of
      // current array element
      int sr = (int)Math.Sqrt(arr[i]);
 
      // If both are of same parity
      if ((sr & 1) == (arr[i] & 1))
        Console.Write((sr * sr) + " ");
 
      // Otherwise
      else {
        sr++;
        Console.Write((sr * sr) + " ");
      }
    }
  }
   
  // Driver Code
  static public void Main()
  {
    int[] arr = { 6, 3, 2, 15 };
    int N = arr.Length;
    nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by splevel62.

Javascript

<script>
 
// Javascript program to implement
// the above approach
 
// Function to find the nearest even and odd
// perfect squares for even and odd array elements
function nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N)
{
     
    // Traverse the array
    for(let i = 0; i < N; i++) 
    {
         
        // Calculate square root of
        // current array element
        let sr = Math.floor(Math.sqrt(arr[i]));
 
        // If both are of same parity
        if ((sr & 1) == (arr[i] & 1))
            document.write((sr * sr) + " ");
 
        // Otherwise
        else
        {
            sr++;
            document.write((sr * sr) + " ");
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
     
// Given array
let arr = [ 6, 3, 2, 15 ];
let N = arr.length;
 
nearestPerfectSquare(arr, N);
 
// This code is contributed by target_2
 
</script>

Output:

4 1 4 9

Time Complexity: O(N*logN) where N is size of given array
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

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