Maximum Sum of Products of two arrays by toggling adjacent bits

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Given an integer array arr1 and a binary array arr2 of same size, the task is to find the maximum possible sum of products of these arrays, i.e. (arr1[0] * arr2[0]) + (arr1[1] * arr2[1]) + ….. (arr1[N-1] * arr2[N-1]) obtained by toggling any 2 adjacent bits in the array arr2. This toggle can be done infinite number of times.
Toggling of 2 adjacent bits in array arr2 is done as follows:

00 is toggled to 11
01 is toggled to 10
10 is toggled to 01
11 is toggled to 00

Examples:

Input: arr1 = {2, 3, 1}, arr2 = {0, 0, 1}
Output: 6
Explanation:
if we put 1 corresponding to a positive integer
then arr2 will be {1, 1, 1}
No. of 1's initially and now are odd
It means parity is same 
so this arrangement is fine
Hence sum will be 2 + 3 + 1 = 6.

Input: arr1 = {2, -4, 5, 3}, arr2 = {0, 1, 0, 1}
Output: 8

Approach :

After every operation parity remains the same, i.e. no. of 1’s is even if initially it is even, or odd if initially it is odd.
The second observation is that to toggling of i’th and j’th bit can be done by toggling from i’th bit like (i, i+1), (i+1, i+2) …. (j-1, j) here every bit is toggling twice (if bit is toggle twice then its come to its initial value) except i and j then ultimately i’th and j’th bits toggle.
From these two observations, it can be shown that we can make any arrangement of 1’s and 0’s in array arr2. The only thing we need to take care of is the parity of ones and zeroes. The final parity must be the same as of initial parity.
To get the maximum sum put 1 at the i’th position of arr2 if the element at the i’th position in arr1 is positive else put 0.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to find the maximum SoP of two arrays
// by toggling adjacent bits in the second array
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to return Max Sum
int maxSum(int arr1[], int arr2[], int n)
{
    // intialParity and finalParity are 0
    // if total no. of 1's is even else 1
    int initialParity = 0, finalParity = 0;
 
    // minPositive and maxNegative will store
    // smallest positive and smallest negative
    // integer respectively.
    int sum = 0,
        minPositive = INT_MAX,
        maxNegative = INT_MIN;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
        // Count of Initial Parity
        initialParity += arr2[i];
 
        // if arr1[i] is positive then add 1
        // in finalParity to get 1 at arr2[i]
        if (arr1[i] >= 0) {
 
            finalParity += 1;
            sum += arr1[i];
            minPositive = min(minPositive, arr1[i]);
        }
        else {
            maxNegative = max(maxNegative, arr1[i]);
        }
    }
 
    // if both parity are odd or even
    // then return sum
    if (initialParity % 2 == finalParity % 2) {
        return sum;
    }
 
    // else add one more 1 or remove 1
    else {
 
        // if minPositive > maxNegative,
        // put 1 at maxNegative
        // and add it to our sum
        if (minPositive + maxNegative >= 0) {
 
            return sum + maxNegative;
        }
 
        // else remove minPositive no.
        else {
 
            return sum - minPositive;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr1[] = { 2, -4, 5, 3 };
    int arr2[] = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };
 
    int n = sizeof(arr1) / sizeof(arr1[0]);
    cout << maxSum(arr1, arr2, n) << endl;
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find the maximum SoP 
// of two arrays by toggling adjacent bits 
// in the second array
class GFG
{
 
// Function to return Max Sum
static int maxSum(int arr1[], 
                  int arr2[], int n)
{
    // intialParity and finalParity are 0
    // if total no. of 1's is even else 1
    int initialParity = 0, finalParity = 0;
 
    // minPositive and maxNegative will store
    // smallest positive and smallest negative
    // integer respectively.
    int sum = 0,
        minPositive = Integer.MAX_VALUE,
        maxNegative = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
 
        // Count of Initial Parity
        initialParity += arr2[i];
 
        // if arr1[i] is positive then add 1
        // in finalParity to get 1 at arr2[i]
        if (arr1[i] >= 0)
        {
 
            finalParity += 1;
            sum += arr1[i];
            minPositive = Math.min(minPositive, 
                                      arr1[i]);
        }
        else
        {
            maxNegative = Math.max(maxNegative, 
                                      arr1[i]);
        }
    }
 
    // if both parity are odd or even
    // then return sum
    if (initialParity % 2 == finalParity % 2)
    {
        return sum;
    }
 
    // else add one more 1 or remove 1
    else
    {
 
        // if minPositive > maxNegative,
        // put 1 at maxNegative
        // and add it to our sum
        if (minPositive + maxNegative >= 0)
        {
            return sum + maxNegative;
        }
 
        // else remove minPositive no.
        else
        {
            return sum - minPositive;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String []args)
{
    int arr1[] = { 2, -4, 5, 3 };
    int arr2[] = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };
 
    int n = arr1.length;
    System.out.println(maxSum(arr1, arr2, n));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Python3

# Python3 program to find the 
# maximum SoP of two arrays by 
# toggling adjacent bits#
# in the second array
import sys
 
# Function to return Max Sum
def maxSum(arr1, arr2, n) :
 
    # intialParity and finalParity are 0
    # if total no. of 1's is even else 1
    initialParity, finalParity = 0, 0
 
    # minPositive and maxNegative will store
    # smallest positive and smallest negative
    # integer respectively.
    sum = 0
    minPositive = sys.maxsize
    maxNegative = -sys.maxsize - 1
 
    for i in range(n) :
 
        # Count of Initial Parity
        initialParity += arr2[i];
 
        # if arr1[i] is positive then add 1
        # in finalParity to get 1 at arr2[i]
        if (arr1[i] >= 0) :
 
            finalParity += 1
            sum += arr1[i]
            minPositive = min(minPositive, arr1[i])
 
        else :
            maxNegative = max(maxNegative, arr1[i])
         
    # if both parity are odd or even
    # then return sum
    if (initialParity % 2 == finalParity % 2) :
        return sum
 
    # else add one more 1 or remove 1
    else :
 
        # if minPositive > maxNegative,
        # put 1 at maxNegative
        # and add it to our sum
        if (minPositive + maxNegative >= 0) :
 
            return sum + maxNegative
 
        # else remove minPositive no.
        else :
 
            return sum - minPositive
 
# Driver code
arr1 = [ 2, -4, 5, 3 ]
arr2 = [ 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
 
n = len(arr1)
print(maxSum(arr1, arr2, n))
 
# This code is contributed by divyamohan123

C#

// C# program to find the maximum SoP 
// of two arrays by toggling adjacent bits 
// in the second array
using System;
                     
class GFG
{
 
// Function to return Max Sum
static int maxSum(int []arr1, 
                  int []arr2, int n)
{
    // intialParity and finalParity are 0
    // if total no. of 1's is even else 1
    int initialParity = 0, finalParity = 0;
 
    // minPositive and maxNegative will store
    // smallest positive and smallest negative
    // integer respectively.
    int sum = 0,
        minPositive = int.MaxValue,
        maxNegative = int.MinValue;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
 
        // Count of Initial Parity
        initialParity += arr2[i];
 
        // if arr1[i] is positive then add 1
        // in finalParity to get 1 at arr2[i]
        if (arr1[i] >= 0)
        {
 
            finalParity += 1;
            sum += arr1[i];
            minPositive = Math.Min(minPositive, 
                                      arr1[i]);
        }
        else
        {
            maxNegative = Math.Max(maxNegative, 
                                      arr1[i]);
        }
    }
 
    // if both parity are odd or even
    // then return sum
    if (initialParity % 2 == finalParity % 2)
    {
        return sum;
    }
 
    // else add one more 1 or remove 1
    else
    {
 
        // if minPositive > maxNegative,
        // put 1 at maxNegative
        // and add it to our sum
        if (minPositive + maxNegative >= 0)
        {
            return sum + maxNegative;
        }
 
        // else remove minPositive no.
        else
        {
            return sum - minPositive;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String []args)
{
    int []arr1 = { 2, -4, 5, 3 };
    int []arr2 = { 0, 1, 0, 1 };
 
    int n = arr1.Length;
    Console.WriteLine(maxSum(arr1, arr2, n));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Javascript

<script>
 
// JavaScript program to find the maximum SoP
// of two arrays by toggling adjacent bits
// in the second array
 
 
// Function to return Max Sum
function maxSum(arr1, arr2, n) {
    // intialParity and finalParity are 0
    // if total no. of 1's is even else 1
    let initialParity = 0, finalParity = 0;
 
    // minPositive and maxNegative will store
    // smallest positive and smallest negative
    // integer respectively.
    let sum = 0,
        minPositive = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
        maxNegative = Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER;
 
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
        // Count of Initial Parity
        initialParity += arr2[i];
 
        // if arr1[i] is positive then add 1
        // in finalParity to get 1 at arr2[i]
        if (arr1[i] >= 0) {
 
            finalParity += 1;
            sum += arr1[i];
            minPositive = Math.min(minPositive,
                arr1[i]);
        }
        else {
            maxNegative = Math.max(maxNegative,
                arr1[i]);
        }
    }
 
    // if both parity are odd or even
    // then return sum
    if (initialParity % 2 == finalParity % 2) {
        return sum;
    }
 
    // else add one more 1 or remove 1
    else {
 
        // if minPositive > maxNegative,
        // put 1 at maxNegative
        // and add it to our sum
        if (minPositive + maxNegative >= 0) {
            return sum + maxNegative;
        }
 
        // else remove minPositive no.
        else {
            return sum - minPositive;
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver code
 
let arr1 = [2, -4, 5, 3];
let arr2 = [0, 1, 0, 1];
 
let n = arr1.length;
document.write(maxSum(arr1, arr2, n));
 
// This code is contributed by _saurabh_jaiswal
 
</script>

Output:

Time Complexity: $O(n)$ , where n is the size of the array.

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

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