Sum of factors of the product of a given array

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Given an array arr[] consisting of N positive integers, the task is to find the sum of factors of product of all array elements. Since the output can be very large, print it modulo 10⁹ + 7.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
Output: 360
Explanation:
The product of all array elements = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 = 120
All the factors of 120 are { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, 40, 60, 120 }
Therefore, the sum of factors is 360.

Input: arr[] = { 1, 2 }
Output: 3
Explanation:
The product of all array elements = 1 * 2 = 2
All the factors of 2 are { 1, 2 }
Therefore, the sum of factors is 3.

Naive Approach: The simplest approach to solve this problem is to traverse the array and calculate the product of all elements of the array and calculate the sum of all the factors of the obtained product. But the problem with this approach is that, if the array elements are large, then the product may go out of bounds of the integer storing capacity and it will lead to wrong output.
Time Complexity: O(max(N, sqrt(product of array elements)))
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Efficient approach: The above approach can be optimized based on the following observations:

If the product of array elements(P) = $2^a \times 3^b \times 5^c \times 7^d \times ... \times p^k$

Then, the sum of factors of P = $\frac{2^{a+1}-1}{2-1} \times \frac{3^{b+1}-1}{3-1} \times \frac{5^{c+1}-1}{5-1}\times ... \times \frac{p^{k+1}-1}{p-1}$

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

Initialize an integer, say ans, to store the sum of all the factors of the product of the array.
Initialize an array of integer, say count[], where count[i] stores the frequency of prime factors i, in product of the array elements.
Traverse the array count[], and check if count[i] is greater than zero or not. If found to be true, then multiply ans by (i^{(count[i] + 1)}) – 1 and multiplicative inverse of (i -1)
Finally, print the result obtained in ans

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C

// C program to implement
// the above approach
 
#include <stdio.h>
#define size 1000100
#define inverse(a) power(a, mod - 2)
typedef long long int ll;
const ll mod = ((ll)(1e9 + 7));
 
// Stores minimum prime
// factorization of a number
int spf[size] = { 0 };
 
// Function to add two numbers
static inline ll add(ll a, ll b)
{
    return (a % mod + b % mod) % mod;
}
 
// Function to subtract two numbers
static inline ll sub(ll a, ll b)
{
    return add(mod, a - b) % mod;
}
 
// Function to multiply two numbers
static inline ll mul(ll a, ll b)
{
    return (a % mod * b % mod) % mod;
}
 
// Function to calculate
// x to the power y
ll power(ll x, ll y)
{
 
    // Stores  x ^ y
    ll res = 1;
    for (res = 1; y > 0;
         x = (x * x) % mod, y >>= 1) {
 
        // If y is odd
        if (y & 1) {
 
            // Update result
            res = (res * x) % mod;
        }
    }
    return res;
}
 
// Function to find the smallest prime factor
// of numbers in the range [1, 1000100]
void sieve()
{
 
    // Update the smallest prime factor of
    // all the numbers which is divisible by 2
    for (int i = 2; i < size; i += 2) {
 
        // Update spf[i]
        spf[i] = 2;
    }
    for (int i = 3; i < size; i += 2)
        spf[i] = i;
 
    // Calculate the smallest prime factor
    // of all the numbers in the range [3, 1000100]
    for (int i = 3; i * i < size; i += 2)
        if (spf[i] == i)
            for (int j = i * i; j < size; j += i)
                spf[j] = i;
}
 
// Function to find the sum of factors of
// product of all array elements
long long int sumof_factors(int a[], int n)
{
 
    // Stores the sum of factors of
    // product of all array elements
    ll ans = 1;
 
    // count[i]: Stores frequency of
    // prime factor i in product of
    // all the array elements
    ll count[size] = { 0 };
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
        // Calculate the prime factor
        // of a[i]
        while (a[i] > 1) {
 
            // Update frequency of
            // prime factor spf[a[i]]
            count[spf[a[i]]]++;
 
            // Update a[i]
            a[i] /= spf[a[i]];
        }
    }
 
    // Traverse the array, count[]
    for (ll i = 0; i < size; i++)
 
        // If frequency of prime factor i in
        // product of array elements
        // greater than 0
        if (count[i] > 0) {
 
            // Calculate (i^(count[i]+1))-1 and
            // multiplicative inverse of (i -1)
            ll num1 = sub(power(i, count[i] + 1), 1);
            ll num2 = inverse(i - 1);
            ans = mul(ans, mul(num1, num2));
        }
 
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    sieve();
    int arr[] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    ll res = sumof_factors(arr, N);
    printf("%lld\n", res);
    return 0;
}

C++

// C++ program to implement
// the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
#define size 1000100
#define inverse(a) power(a, mod - 2)
 
typedef long long int ll;
const ll mod = ((ll)(1e9 + 7));
 
// Stores minimum prime
// factorization of a number
int spf[size] = { 0 };
 
// Function to add two numbers
static inline ll add(ll a, ll b)
{
    return (a % mod + b % mod) % mod;
}
 
// Function to subtract two numbers
static inline ll sub(ll a, ll b)
{
    return add(mod, a - b) % mod;
}
 
// Function to multiply two numbers
static inline ll mul(ll a, ll b)
{
    return (a % mod * b % mod) % mod;
}
 
// Function to calculate
// x to the power y
ll power(ll x, ll y)
{
 
    // Stores  x ^ y
    ll res = 1;
    for (res = 1; y > 0;
         x = (x * x) % mod, y >>= 1) {
 
        // If y is odd
        if (y & 1) {
 
            // Update result
            res = (res * x) % mod;
        }
    }
    return res;
}
 
// Function to find the smallest prime factor
// of numbers in the range [1, 1000100]
void sieve()
{
 
    // Update the smallest prime factor of
    // all the numbers which is divisible by 2
    for (int i = 2; i < size; i += 2) {
 
        // Update spf[i]
        spf[i] = 2;
    }
    for (int i = 3; i < size; i += 2)
        spf[i] = i;
 
    // Calculate the smallest prime factor
    // of all the numbers in the range [3, 1000100]
    for (int i = 3; i * i < size; i += 2)
        if (spf[i] == i)
            for (int j = i * i; j < size; j += i)
                spf[j] = i;
}
 
// Function to calculate sum of factors
// of product of the given array
long long int sumof_factors(int a[], int n)
{
 
    // Stores the sum of factors of
    // product of all array elements
    ll ans = 1;
 
    // count[i]: Stores frequency of
    // prime factor i in product of
    // all the array elements
    ll count[size] = { 0 };
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
        // Calculate the prime factor
        // of a[i]
        while (a[i] > 1) {
 
            // Update frequency of
            // prime factor spf[a[i]]
            count[spf[a[i]]]++;
 
            // Update a[i]
            a[i] /= spf[a[i]];
        }
    }
 
    // Traverse the array, count[]
    for (ll i = 0; i < size; i++)
 
        // If frequency of prime factor i in
        // product of array elements
        // greater than 0
        if (count[i] > 0) {
 
            // Calculate (i^(count[i]+1))-1 and
            // multiplicative inverse of (i -1)
            ll num1 = sub(power(i, count[i] + 1), 1);
            ll num2 = inverse(i - 1);
            ans = mul(ans, mul(num1, num2));
        }
 
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    sieve();
    int arr[] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    ll res = sumof_factors(arr, N);
    cout << res;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to implement
// the above approach
 
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
class GFG {
 
    static final long mod = (int)(1e9 + 7);
    static final int size = (int)(1e6 + 100);
 
    // Function to subtract two numbers
    static final long sub(long a, long b)
    {
        return (mod + a % mod - b % mod) % mod;
    }
 
    // Function to multiply two numbers
    static final long mul(long a, long b)
    {
        return (a % mod * b % mod) % mod;
    }
 
    // Function to calculate
    // x to the power y
    static long power(long x, long y)
    {
        // Stores  x ^ y
        long res = 1;
        for (res = 1; y > 0;
             x = (x * x) % mod, y >>= 1) {
 
            // If y is odd
            if ((y & 1) == 1) {
 
                // Update result
                res = (res * x) % mod;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
 
    // Function to find inverse
    // of a mod 1e9 + 7
    static long inverse(long a)
    {
        return power(a, mod - 2);
    }
 
    // Stores minimum prime
    // factorization of a number
    static int spf[] = new int[size];
 
    // Function to find the smallest prime factor
    // of numbers in the range [1, 1000100]
    static void sieve()
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i += 2)
            spf[i] = i;
        for (int i = 2; i < size; i += 2)
            spf[i] = 2;
        for (int i = 3; i * i < size; i += 2)
            if (spf[i] == i)
                for (int j = i * i; j < size; j += i)
                    spf[j] = i;
    }
 
    // Function to calculate sum of factors
    // of product of the given array
    static long sumof_factors(int a[], int n)
    {
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if (a[i] == 0)
                return 0;
 
        // Stores the sum of factors of
        // product of all array elements
        long ans = 1;
 
        // count[i]: Stores frequency of
        // prime factor i in product of
        // all the array elements
        Map<Integer, Integer> count
            = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (int num : a) {
 
            // Calculate the prime factor
            // of a[i]
            while (num > 1) {
                int temp = 0;
                try {
                    temp = count.get(spf[num]);
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    temp = 0;
                }
 
                // Update frequency of
                // prime factor spf[a[i]]
                count.put(spf[num], temp + 1);
 
                // Update num
                num /= spf[num];
            }
        }
 
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> i :
             count.entrySet()) {
 
            // Calculate (i^(count[i]+1))-1 and
            // multiplicative inverse of (i -1)
            long num1 = sub(
                power(i.getKey(), i.getValue() + 1), 1);
            long num2 = inverse(i.getKey() - 1);
 
            ans = mul(ans, mul(num1, num2));
        }
 
        return ans;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        sieve();
        int n = 5;
        int a[] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
        System.out.println(sumof_factors(a, n));
    }
}

Python3

# Python program to implement
# the above approach
 
from collections import defaultdict
from math import sqrt
 
 
# Function to find the smallest prime factor
# of numbers in the range [1, 1000100]
def computeSPF(size):
     
    # Stores smallest prime
    # factorization of a number
    spf = [i for i in range(size)]
     
     
    # Update the smallest prime factor of 
    # all the numbers which is divisible by 2
    for i in range(2, size, 2):
        spf[i] = 2
         
    # Calculate the smallest prime factor
    # of all the numbers in the range [3, 1000100]    
    for i in range(3, int(sqrt(size))+1, 2):
        if spf[i] == i:
            for j in range(i * i, size, i):
                spf[j] = i
    return spf
 
# Function to calculate sum of factors
# of product of the given array
def sumof_factors(a, n, spf, mod):
     
     
    # Traverse the array
    if 0 in a:
        return 0
    count = defaultdict(int)
     
     
    # Stores the sum of factors of
    # product of all array elements
    ans = 1
     
    # Traverse the array
    for num in a:
         
        # Calculate the prime factor
        # of a[i]
        while num > 1:
             
             
            # Update frequency of
            # prime factor spf[a[i]]
            count[spf[num]] += 1
            num //= spf[num]
             
    # Traverse the array, count[]  
    for i in count:
        num1 = pow(i, count[i]+1, mod) - 1
        num2 = pow(i-1, mod-2, mod)
        ans = (ans * num1 * num2) % mod
    return ans
 
 
# Driver Code
def main():
    spf = computeSPF(10**6)
    mod = 10**9 + 7
    n = 4
    a = [1, 3, 2, 5]
    ans = sumof_factors(a, n, spf, mod)
    print(ans)
 
 
main()

C#

// C# program to implement
// the above approach
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG {
 
    static long mod = (int)(1e9 + 7);
    static int size = (int)(1e6 + 100);
 
    // Function to subtract two numbers
    static long sub(long a, long b)
    {
        return (mod + a % mod - b % mod) % mod;
    }
 
    // Function to multiply two numbers
    static long mul(long a, long b)
    {
        return (a % mod * b % mod) % mod;
    }
 
    // Function to calculate
    // x to the power y
    static long power(long x, long y)
    {
        // Stores  x ^ y
        long res = 1;
        for (res = 1; y > 0; x = (x * x) % mod, y >>= 1) {
 
            // If y is odd
            if ((y & 1) == 1) {
 
                // Update result
                res = (res * x) % mod;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
 
    // Function to find inverse
    // of a mod 1e9 + 7
    static long inverse(long a)
    {
        return power(a, mod - 2);
    }
 
    // Stores minimum prime
    // factorization of a number
    static int[] spf = new int[size];
 
    // Function to find the smallest prime factor
    // of numbers in the range [1, 1000100]
    static void sieve()
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i += 2)
            spf[i] = i;
        for (int i = 2; i < size; i += 2)
            spf[i] = 2;
        for (int i = 3; i * i < size; i += 2)
            if (spf[i] == i)
                for (int j = i * i; j < size; j += i)
                    spf[j] = i;
    }
 
    // Function to calculate sum of factors
    // of product of the given array
    static long sumof_factors(int[] a, int n)
    {
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if (a[i] == 0)
                return 0;
 
        // Stores the sum of factors of
        // product of all array elements
        long ans = 1;
 
        // count[i]: Stores frequency of
        // prime factor i in product of
        // all the array elements
        Dictionary<int, int> count
            = new Dictionary<int, int>();
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) {
 
            // Calculate the prime factor
            // of a[i]
            while (a[i] > 1) {
                int temp = 0;
 
                if (count.ContainsKey(spf[a[i]]))
                    temp = count[spf[a[i]]];
 
                // Update frequency of
                // prime factor spf[a[i]]
                count[spf[a[i]]] = temp + 1;
 
                // Update num
                a[i] /= spf[a[i]];
            }
        }
 
        foreach(KeyValuePair<int, int> i in count)
        {
 
            // Calculate (i^(count[i]+1))-1 and
            // multiplicative inverse of (i -1)
            long num1 = sub(power(i.Key, i.Value + 1), 1);
            long num2 = inverse(i.Key - 1);
 
            ans = mul(ans, mul(num1, num2));
        }
 
        return ans;
    }
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        sieve();
        int n = 5;
        int[] a = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
        Console.WriteLine(sumof_factors(a, n));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by ukasp.

Javascript

// Function to calculate mod inverse
 
function expmod( base, exp, mod ){
  if (exp == 0) return 1;
  if (exp % 2 == 0){
    return Math.pow( expmod( base, (exp / 2), mod), 2) % mod;
  }
  else {
    return (base * expmod( base, (exp - 1), mod)) % mod;
  }
}
// Function to find the smallest prime factor
// of numbers in the range [1, 1000100]
function computeSPF(size) {
  // Stores smallest prime
  // factorization of a number
  const spf = Array.from(Array(size).keys());
 
  // Update the smallest prime factor of
  // all the numbers which is divisible by 2
  for (let i = 2; i < size; i += 2) {
    spf[i] = 2;
  }
 
  // Calculate the smallest prime factor
  // of all the numbers in the range [1, sqrt(size)]
  for (let i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(size); i += 2) {
    if (spf[i] == i) {
      for (let j = i * i; j < size; j += i) {
        spf[j] = i;
      }
    }
  }
  return spf;
}
 
// Function to calculate sum of factors
// of product of the given array
function sumofFactors(a, n, spf, mod) {
  // Traverse the array
  if (a.includes(0)) {
    return 0;
  }
  let count = {};
 
  // Stores the sum of factors of
  // product of all array elements
  let ans = 1;
 
  // Traverse the array
  for (let num of a) {
    // Calculate the prime factorization of num
    let primeFactors = {};
    while (num > 1) {
      // Update frequency of prime factor spf[num
      // Update frequency of
      // prime factor spf[a[i]]
      if (!count.hasOwnProperty(spf[num])) {
        count[spf[num]] = 1;
      } else {
        count[spf[num]]++;
      }
      num = Math.floor(num / spf[num]);
    }
  }
 
  // Traverse the array, count[]
  for (let i of Object.keys(count)) {
    i = parseInt(i)
    let num1 = expmod(i, count[i] + 1, mod) - 1;
    let num2 = expmod(i - 1, mod - 2,  mod);
    ans = (ans * num1 * num2) % mod;
  }
  return ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
function main() {
  const spf = computeSPF(10 ** 6);
  const mod = 10 ** 9 + 7;
  const n = 4;
  const a = [1, 3, 2, 5];
  const ans = sumofFactors(a, n, spf, mod);
  console.log(ans);
}
 
main();

Output:

Time Complexity: O(N * log(log(N)))
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

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