Does a VPN Protect You on Public Wi-Fi in 2025? by Paige Henley
Paige Henley
Updated on: February 7, 2025
Fact-checked by Kate Davidson
Only 3 Steps (Quick & Easy) to Protect Your Device on Public Wi-Fi in 2025:
- Download and install a secure VPN. I recommend choosing ExpressVPN, since it has really strong security features, advanced protection for internet safety, and a reliable kill switch.
- Connect to a server. Open the app and pick a nearby server to maintain fast speeds.
- Browse securely. Load up your favorite browser and use public Wi-Fi securely!
Using a VPN on public Wi-Fi is crucial since it protects your data from hackers. Public networks are often unencrypted, making it easier for cybercriminals to intercept your personal information. Once your data is intercepted, hackers can steal sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, or login credentials.
A VPN encrypts your connection by routing your data through a secure tunnel. This ensures that even if someone tries intercepting your traffic, they’ll see a scrambled mess. However, not all VPNs are equally effective, so using a high-quality one with strong encryption and a proven track record is important.
I’ve tested dozens of VPNs and have found ExpressVPN to be the best. It offers a user-friendly interface and strong, military-grade security features that work seamlessly on public Wi-Fi networks. Editors’ Note: ExpressVPN and this site are in the same ownership group.
How Does a VPN Protect You on Public Wi-Fi?
A VPN protects your data by creating a secure tunnel between your device and the internet. Here’s how it works:
- Encryption: A VPN encrypts your data, turning it into unreadable information as it travels through the network. This makes it nearly impossible for attackers to steal sensitive details like passwords, credit card numbers, or personal messages. Top VPNs like ExpressVPN use very strong, military-grade encryption that’s impossible to crack.
- Secure tunnel: On public Wi-Fi, your data typically travels through an open network that hackers can easily access. A VPN creates a private tunnel for your data, ensuring that no one can snoop on your browsing or communication.
- Changing your IP address: A VPN also masks your real IP address by replacing it with one from the VPN server. This prevents hackers from tracking your location or identifying your device. Even if you’re using a public network, your identity remains hidden.
- Malware blocking: Good VPNs have malware-blocking capabilities and other proactive tools. For instance, NordVPN’s Threat Protection feature scans every file you download for malware. And ExpressVPN has a strong ad blocker and advanced protection tools, which stop ad trackers from collecting your browsing data and block access to malicious sites.
4 Common Public Wi-Fi Threats a VPN Can Prevent
Using public Wi-Fi without a VPN exposes you to several security risks. Public networks are often unencrypted, making it easy for hackers to intercept your data. But if you use a VPN to encrypt your data and change your IP address, you can mitigate these risks.
Below are the most common threats you face when connecting to these networks without a VPN:
Data & Password Theft
The most common risk of using public Wi-Fi is the theft of sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, and personal data. Unencrypted networks allow hackers to intercept this information using simple tools or online espionage techniques.
Once they have access to your credentials, attackers can use them to steal money, hijack accounts, or impersonate you online. This could lead to serious financial loss and identity theft.
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks are used to intercept or manipulate communication between your device and a website or server. Attackers might pose as network administrators or insert themselves into the connection to eavesdrop, steal data, or redirect you to malicious websites. These attacks are especially effective on public Wi-Fi networks because they’re unencrypted.
Read more about the public Wi-Fi risks a VPN can protect you against
Fake Public Networks
Hackers can set up fake Wi-Fi networks that look like legitimate ones. For example, you could see networks like “Starbucks_Guest_Free” or “LAX_Free_WiFi”, both of which seem legit.
But when you connect to one of these networks, attackers gain access to your traffic, allowing them to steal sensitive data or redirect you to phishing sites designed to collect personal data like passwords and financial information.
If you’re unsure about the legitimacy of a public Wi-Fi network, ask a trusted employee at the facility to confirm which networks are genuine. They can help verify the correct network and ensure you avoid connecting to any fake ones.
While a VPN can’t stop you connecting to a fake network, it can at least prevent your data from being exposed to a bad actor if you do make that mistake.
Malware Attacks
While less common, hackers often exploit public Wi-Fi networks to distribute malware, including ransomware, spyware, and viruses. These attacks can remain undetected, silently compromising your device and exposing your sensitive data to theft or manipulation.
Hackers can use malware to steal personal files, track your online activity, or even lock your data behind a ransom demand. Public Wi-Fi networks make it easier for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in outdated software or devices connected to the network.
Limitations of VPNs on Public Wi-Fi
While a VPN is a powerful tool for securing your data on public Wi-Fi, it’s not a cure-all. Knowing its limitations can help you use it more effectively and avoid false confidence when using unsecured public networks.
VPN Disconnections
A dropped VPN connection can leave you exposed to hackers on public Wi-Fi. When this happens, your data is sent over the unsecured network, making it easy to intercept. The best VPNs include a kill switch, which automatically cuts off your internet if the VPN disconnects, preventing leaks. Always ensure your VPN’s kill switch is enabled to stay protected.
Brute Force Attacks
Weak or repetitive passwords make it easy for automated software to access your accounts, and a VPN will not prevent this. To safeguard your accounts, it’s crucial to use strong, unique passwords.
A password manager like 1Password can help by securely generating, storing, and auto-filling complex passwords. Additionally, enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of protection, making it harder for attackers to gain access, even if your password is compromised.
Read about more threats a VPN can’t mitigate on public Wi-Fi
Browser Fingerprinting
A VPN doesn’t always protect against advanced tracking methods like browser fingerprinting. This technique collects details about your browser and device to track you online. I recommend using a VPN with tracker-blocking features, such as ExpressVPN, to enhance your privacy.
Human Error
No security software can fully protect you if you let your guard down. Cybercriminals often use social engineering tactics, like phishing, to trick you into revealing sensitive information. Always be cautious and avoid sharing personal details with unfamiliar sources — even when using a VPN.
If you receive unsolicited messages or emails, take a moment to verify the sender before responding or clicking any links. If you’re unsure, simply avoid clicking on links altogether.
Unpatched Software
A VPN can’t protect against vulnerabilities in outdated software. Regular updates are critical to fixing security holes. Some antivirus apps, like Norton, include automatic software updates, malware protection, and even a reliable VPN for added security.
Skipping updates or ignoring security patches can leave your device vulnerable to attacks that a VPN can’t prevent. Make updating a routine habit to ensure your device remains secure.
Editors’ Note: ExpressVPN and this site are in the same ownership group.
How to Spot Potentially Dangerous Public Wi-Fi Networks
Being able to spot a dangerous network before you connect is crucial. Here are some ways to help you identify risky networks:
Check for suspicious network names.
Always be cautious if the network name seems too generic or out of place for the location. When in doubt, don’t connect to the network to keep yourself safe.
Verify with staff or signage.
In places like cafes, airports, or hotels, check with staff to confirm the correct Wi-Fi network. Many businesses will list the network name on their menus, walls, or receipts. If you’re unsure, always ask to verify you’re connecting to the correct one.
Look out for open or unsecured networks.
Public Wi-Fi networks that don’t require a password or any authentication can be a red flag. Legitimate public networks usually have some form of login page or registration to confirm their legitimacy. Avoid networks that don’t have these basic steps or just offer open access.
Watch for unexpected pop-up logins.
If a network immediately redirects you to an unfamiliar login page, be cautious. Sometimes, hackers set up networks that prompt you with fake login pages designed to steal your credentials. Always check that the page looks official and asks for reasonable information.
More Ways to Stay Safe While Using Public Wi-Fi
A VPN by itself isn’t enough to keep you fully safe on public Wi-Fi networks. Here are some additional things to consider:
- Turn off auto-connect: Many devices automatically connect to the strongest available Wi-Fi network, which can lead to unintended connections to unsafe networks. You can disable this feature in your device’s Wi-Fi settings to prevent it from automatically joining unsecured networks. After using public Wi-Fi, make sure to “forget” the network to avoid auto-connecting in the future.
- Turn off file sharing: File sharing allows your device to exchange files with others on the same network, but it also increases the risk of exposing sensitive data to malicious users. Disable file-sharing features, such as AirDrop on Apple devices or file and printer sharing on Windows, through your device’s settings or control panel to secure your files on public networks.
- Use HTTPS websites: HTTPS is a protocol that uses TLS encryption to protect the data transferred between your browser and a website. It encrypts sensitive information like login credentials and payment details. You can identify HTTPS sites by the “https://” prefix in the URL and the lock icon in your browser’s address bar.
- Avoid sensitive transactions: When connected to public Wi-Fi, it’s best to avoid accessing sensitive accounts such as online banking or making purchases with credit card information. Public Wi-Fi networks are more vulnerable to attacks, so even if the connection is encrypted, hackers may still try to intercept your data. If you need to conduct these transactions, use your smartphone’s mobile data or a personal hotspot instead.
Read more safety tips for public Wi-Fi
- Keep your firewall enabled: A firewall acts as a filter between your device and the internet, blocking malicious traffic and preventing unauthorized access to your device. It’s crucial to keep your firewall enabled when using public Wi-Fi, as it can protect against hackers trying to exploit vulnerabilities in your system. You can easily enable or check your firewall settings in your device’s system preferences or control panel.
- Use antivirus software: Good antivirus software helps protect your device by scanning for and blocking malware — such as viruses or spyware — that could be delivered through public Wi-Fi networks. Many antivirus programs also provide real-time protection, alerting you if any malicious activity is detected on your device.
- Enable two-factor authentication (2FA): 2FA adds an extra layer of security to your online accounts by requiring a second verification step, such as a code sent via SMS or generated by an authentication app, in addition to your password. This means even if a hacker manages to steal your password, they won’t be able to access your account without that code.
- Don’t leave devices unattended: Besides the risk of having your devices stolen, hackers can physically tamper with or install malware on an unattended laptop or smartphone. Keep your devices with you at all times — not just while using public Wi-Fi.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it safe to use a VPN on public Wi-Fi?
Yes — not only is it safe, it’s highly recommended. Using a VPN public Wi-Fi is crucial because it encrypts your internet traffic and sends it through a secure tunnel. This prevents hackers from intercepting sensitive data like passwords or payment details. A VPN also hides your IP address, making it harder for websites and advertisers to track your online activity.
However, a VPN isn’t foolproof. If your VPN disconnects unexpectedly, your data could be exposed. Additionally, logging into compromised websites or downloading malicious files can still put you at risk. To stay fully secure, use strong passwords, enable multi-factor authentication, and avoid sensitive transactions.
What doesn’t a VPN protect you from?
A VPN encrypts your internet traffic and hides your IP address, but it doesn’t protect against everything. It won’t stop phishing attacks, malware, or keyloggers, which can still steal your data if you visit unsafe websites or open malicious emails. Your VPN also won’t prevent social engineering scams that trick you into revealing personal information.
Additionally, some websites use tracking technologies beyond just IP addresses. Cookies, browser fingerprinting, and account logins can still identify and track you. To enhance security, use antivirus software, enable multi-factor authentication, and be cautious with links and downloads.
Can a public Wi-Fi network track your history while using a VPN?
No, a public Wi-Fi network can’t see your browsing history when you’re connected to a VPN. A VPN encrypts all your internet traffic before it reaches the network, making it unreadable to Wi-Fi providers, hackers, and other users on the same network. This prevents them from seeing which websites you visit or what data you send.
However, if the network owner uses advanced tracking methods, they might detect that you’re using a VPN. Some services log connection timestamps or bandwidth usage, but they won’t see the content of your activity. Always use a trusted VPN with strong encryption.
What should you not do on public Wi-Fi?
Avoid accessing sensitive accounts while on public Wi-Fi, such as your online banking. Even with a VPN, a compromised network or malware-infected device could expose your login credentials. If you must check sensitive information, use mobile data or a personal hotspot instead.
Also, never download files, install apps, or click suspicious links while connected to public Wi-Fi. Hackers often use rogue networks to spread malware or launch phishing attacks. To stay safe, disable automatic Wi-Fi connections, avoid entering personal details, and always verify the legitimacy of the network before connecting.
