Java Applet | How to display a Digital Clock

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In this article, we shall be animating the applet window with a 1-second delay. The idea is to display the system time of every instance.

Approach:
Here 6 seven-segment displays are created using the Java Applet library to print the system time in HH:MM:SS format. Each segment of the seven-segment display, numbered as follows can be lit in different combinations to represent the numbers 0-9.

We have 6 seven-segment display for displaying the time in HH:MM:SS pattern. Each segment numbered as the following can be lit in different combinations to represent the numbers 0-9.

We can assume every single segment as 1 bit so (0-9) 10 number can make 10 different combinations.
e.g. if we want to display 0 we should lit-up the segments 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So this combination will make the number (2^0 | 2^1 | 2^2 | 2^3 | 2^4 | 2^5) = 63.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

Java

// Java program to illustrate
// digital clock using Applets
   
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.*;
   
public class digitalClock extends Applet {
   
    @Override
    public void init()
    {
        // Applet window size
        this.setSize(new Dimension(800, 400));
        setBackground(Color.white);
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {
                while (true) {
                    repaint();
                    delayAnimation();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }
   
    // Animating the applet
    private void delayAnimation()
    {
        try {
   
            // Animation delay is 1000 milliseconds
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
   
    // Function that receive segment combination value
    // for each digit, position of the display
    public void display(int val, int pos, Graphics g)
    {
   
        // lit-up the i-th segment
   
        // 0-th segment
        if ((val & 1) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos, 150, 5, 50);
   
        // 1-st segment
        if ((val & 2) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos, 145, 50, 5);
   
        // 2-nd segment
        if ((val & 4) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos + 45, 150, 5, 50);
   
        // 3-rd segment
        if ((val & 8) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos + 45, 200, 5, 50);
   
        // 4-th segment
        if ((val & 16) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos, 250, 50, 5);
   
        // 5-th segment
        if ((val & 32) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos, 200, 5, 50);
   
        // 6-th segment
        if ((val & 64) != 0)
            g.fillRect(pos + 5, 200, 40, 5);
    }
   
    // Paint the applet
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        // Combination values of different digits
        int[] digits
            = new int[] { 63, 12, 118,
                          94, 77, 91,
                          123, 14, 127,
                          95 };
   
        // Get the system time
        Calendar time = Calendar.getInstance();
   
        int hour = time.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
        int minute = time.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
        int second = time.get(Calendar.SECOND);
   
        // Deciding AM/PM
        int am = 1;
        if (hour > 12) {
            hour -= 12;
            am = 0;
        }
   
        // Display hour
   
        // tens digit
        display(digits[hour / 10], 150, g);
        // units digit
        display(digits[hour % 10], 225, g);
   
        // Display minute
   
        // tens digit
        display(digits[minute / 10], 325, g);
        // units digit
        display(digits[minute % 10], 400, g);
   
        // Display second
   
        // tens digit
        display(digits[second / 10], 500, g);
        // units digit
        display(digits[second % 10], 575, g);
   
        // Display AM/PM
        if (am == 1)
            g.drawString("am", 650, 250);
        else
            g.drawString("pm", 650, 250);
   
        // Display ratio signs
        g.fillRect(300, 175, 5, 5);
        g.fillRect(300, 225, 5, 5);
   
        g.fillRect(475, 175, 5, 5);
        g.fillRect(475, 225, 5, 5);
    }
}